8.31 sound channel. Zone or duct in the sea within which horizontally propagating sound is trapped by alternating upward and downward refraction or reflection. The vertical sound speed profile includes a minimum at the sound channel axis....
8.30 surface layer. Zone just below the ocean surface in which the velocity of sound is susceptible to daily and local changes due to heating, cooling, and wind action. Annotation ...
8.28 refraction. Phenomenon by which the direction of propagation of a sound wave is changed as a result of a spatial variation in the speed of sound. Annotation Factors influencing the speed of sound in sea water include temperature, salinity,...
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